By freezing the zone between the two larger tunnels, the contractor can mine through the hard, water-tight ground without collapse or groundwater infiltration.
Read MoreFrozen Earth Cofferdam Design
Structures designed to transfer storm runoff water from surface collector systems to deep large diameter tunnels pass through a variety of subsurface soils in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin area. During construction, problems developed relative to the use of conventional earth support systems. Ground freezing was selected for temporary ground support and ground water control…
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