Vice President
Keller North America
Kenneth E. Wigg, P.E.
Senior Engineer
Keller North America
The Use of Liquid Nitrogen Systems Converted to Brine
There has been a trend in recent years in performing the initial formation freezing using liquid nitrogen (LIN) and then converting the system to circulating refrigerated brine. While proponents of this method state it decreases freezing time, it can also be considered an alternative to inadequate refrigeration capacity.
Read MoreDesign of frozen Earth structure for cross passage excavation
Ground freezing offers several advantages over other methods of ground improvement. The design of frozen Earth structure for cross passage excavation is discussed.
Read MoreGround Freezing for Tunnel Shafts and Adits
Ground freezing from the surface was selected as the the most technically appropriate method to provide temporary earth support and groundwater control during sewer tunnel construction as part of of D.C. Water’s Clean River Project. In addition, ground freezing provided significant advantages to accommodating the citizens in the neighborhood.
Read MoreA successful case of water cut-off by ground freezing
This paper describes the field and laboratory testing as well as the engineering analysis required for freezing to permit excavation below the existing liner plates and into the underlying bedrock.
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