Ground Freezing for Tunnel Support
No. 7 Line Subway Extension
New York City
Joseph A. Sopko, Ph.D., P.E.
Michele R. Norman
the definitive ground freezing resource
Joseph A. Sopko, Ph.D., P.E.
Director of Ground Freezing, Keller North America, Inc.
cell: (920) 889-0190
groundfreezing: Projects
Ground Freezing for Tunnel Support
No. 7 Line Subway Extension
New York City
Joseph A. Sopko, Ph.D., P.E.
Michele R. Norman
groundfreezing: Technical Papers
Ground freezing was used for excavation support and groundwater control of a 13 m diameter 61 m deep drop shaft for the South Bay Ocean Outfall Tunnel in San Diego, CA. During the shaft excavation process, external piezometer readings indicated a sudden drop in groundwater levels…The use of investigative methods and remedial actions were able to overcome these adverse conditions resulting in a successful ground freezing project.
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